The man behind the media hype

The real story of the OK Corral is very different from that portrayed in Hollywood movies and TV series

The Last Gunfight

By Jeff Guinn

Published by Simon & Schuster

Available at Amazon.com

Reviewed by James Eckardt

To young American baby boomers, Wyatt Earp seemed an unlikely Wild West hero. "The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp" debuted on TV in 1955 and featured a dandy in a frock coat, florid silk vest and foppish flat-brimmed hat. Even his name was outlandish. But the series lasted for six years and culminated in the famous Gunfight at the OK Corral.

The life of the frontier marshal had already been depicted in John Ford's great "My Darling Clementine" with Henry Fonda and "The Gunfight at the OK Corral" with Burt Lancaster and Kirk Douglas. More recent incarnations of the Tombstone lawman have been played by Kevin Kostner and Kurt Russell.

Jeff Guinn's book "The Last Gunfight" is the latest in a long line of books and articles about October 26, 1882, the day when Wyatt, Virgil and Morgan Earp along with Doc Holliday squared off against the four cowboys of the Clanton and McLaury clans, leaving three dead. The book's subtitle promises "The Real Story of the Shootout at the OK Corral".

For one thing, the shootout happened a half block away from OK Corral in a vacant lot off Tombstone's main drag, Fremont Street. For another, though the Earps were lawmen and the cowboys petty rustlers, the fight was not so black and white, involving personal and political conflicts that went back for months. The cowboys were actually on their way out of town, but tempers were frayed. Ike and Tom Clanton had been pistol-whipped for carrying firearms that morning by Wyatt Earp, and nearly everyone was badly hungover.

The focus, of course, is on Wyatt Earp. While his two brothers were wounded in the gunfight and Morgan was later killed and Virgil crippled for life, Wyatt emerged unscathed and even rounded up a posse to kill three of the gang that had shot his brothers. He escaped into a life of wandering that took him to throughout the West, to Alaska and finally Los Angeles where he befriended such early cowboy movie stars as William S Hart and Tom Mix. He died in 1928 at the age of 80, too soon to cash in on his fame.

The question is: did he deserve all the hype?

He certainly had a chequered youth. He was arrested for being a horse thief in Oklahoma and a pimp in a floating bordello in Peoria, Illinois. He descended into alcoholism after the death of his first wife. But he stopped drinking and picked himself up as a buffalo hunter. He was tall and strong and utterly fearless when he stumbled into his first lawman's job in Wichita, Kansas. These were the days of the long cattle drives from Texas to rail heads in Kansas. He achieved his first measure of dime novel fame further along the train line in Dodge City along with his brothers and Bat Masterson. He was silent, humourless man with a passion for ice cream rather than whiskey.

The Earp family was in constant search of wealth and social respectability. It didn't help that all the brothers lived with common law wives who were former prostitutes, nor that saloons and gambling were their economic mainstays.

"None of the Earps were flawless saints, but they also were not shady characters who lucked into heroic places in Western history," the author notes. "What they did do, Wyatt especially, was exaggerate their accomplishments and completely ignore anything in their past that reflected badly on them. In this, they were typical of men of their time - and men today."

The Earps moved to the silver mining town of Tombstone, Arizona, in 1881 and took up jobs in law enforcement and saloons. The town elite were Republicans; the surrounding ranchers were Democrats, many former Confederates. The "cowboys" as they were called rustled cattle in nearby Mexico and occasionally robbed stagecoaches. In Tombstone they came up against the Earps.

"The cowboys might not mind living rough most of the time, but they also wanted to indulge their hedonistic tendencies. What was the use of having ill-gotten gains if they couldn't be spent having riotous fun?"

The fun ended badly: death for the cowboys, exile for the Earps and Doc Holliday. Wyatt Earp wandered the West for the rest of his life, along with his wife, a former showgirl from San Francisco who had been engaged to a political rival in Tombstone. He came to rest in Los Angeles where he became a big movie fan. When he died, he was still hoping for one that would clear his name. They would come in an avalanche.