The NESDB yesterday outlined a broad concept and framework for the development of the set of indices, which will encourage individuals and communities to think about the social aspects of development, Ampon Kittiampon, secretary-general of the NESDB, said after yesterday's meeting.

The concept of "happiness" comprises five key components, he said.

First, he said, Thai people should have good physical and mental health. Second, they should have the chance to earn a decent living. Third, families should be bonded by love and understanding among members. Fourth, Thais should live in a safe environment where their security and that of their property are assured.

Finally, men and women must have the same rights of freedom and equality.

In January, the NESDB will reveal samples of the indices to the public. A public debate will then be held to find an accepted set of indices that will be used to measure the happiness of the Kingdom. The happiness index would then be reported every year.

Ampon was optimistic the new tool could be used to formulate social and economic policy. If it makes people think about the social aspect of development, that would be considered a success, he said.

The NESDB has formulated social and economic plans for the past four decades. But critics argue that it has focused too much on economic development, which gives priority to higher growth rates.

Opponents of the NESDB also charged that it had failed to address social issues such as the widening income gap between the rich and poor.

Ampon said the happiness index is in line with His Majesty the King's philosophy of a sufficiency economy, which emphasises a moderate path similar to the teachings of Buddhism.

It also reflects the current 10th national economic and social development plan enforced last month to be implemented from 2007 to 2011, he said.

Chutamas Baramichai, acting deputy secretary-general of the NESDB, said the board already has a database on some indices at its disposal to measure levels of happiness. The planning agency started to look seriously at social issues during the eighth national plan, which focused on human development, she said.

But it would take time before the NESDB could develop a standard measurement of happiness, she conceded. Thai society needs to look harder at ethical behaviour, good governance, a clean and safe environment, fairness in the economy and community strength, she said.

Wichit Chaitrong

The Nation